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Social insects use complex chemical communication systems to govern many aspects of their life. We studied chemical changes in Dufours gland secretions associated with ovary development in several genotypes of honeybees. We found that C28–C38 esters were associated only with cavity nesting honeybee queens, while the alcohol eicosenol was associated only with their non-laying workers. In contrast, both egg-laying anarchistic workers and all parasitic Cape workers from queenright colonies showed the typical queen pattern (i.e. esters present and eicosenol absent), while egg-laying wild-type and anarchistic workers in queenless colonies showed an intermediate pattern, producing both esters and eicosenol but at intermediate levels. Furthermore, neither esters nor eicosenol were found in aerial nesting honeybee species. Both esters and eicosenol are biosynthetically similar compounds since both are recognizable products of fatty acid biosynthesis. Therefore, we propose that in honeybees the biosynthesis of esters and eicosenol in the Dufours gland is caste-regulated and this pathway has been conserved over evolutionary time. 相似文献
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皇甫川流域主要人工灌木水分生态的研究 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
通过在丰水年(1998年)和欠水年(1999年)连续两个生长季对皇甫川流域主要灌木沙棘、沙柳和柠条的生物学特性、蒸腾特征及土壤水分含量的测定及分析,得出结果为:三种灌木蒸腾强度在晴天和阴天表现的日变化规律不同。在丰水年和欠水年的生长季内,三种灌木蒸腾强度均随土壤含水量和降雨量的增减而增减,环境因子综合作用于灌木蒸腾的过程。无论丰水年还是欠水年,三种灌木地上生物量的增长与蒸腾耗水量均呈同步增长,生长季内皇甫川流域主要灌木蒸腾系数均较高,灌木的生长是以消耗大量水分为代价,水分是其生长的主要限制因子之一;柠条蒸腾系数较小,这反映了柠条能较有效利用水分,积累干物质,适合于在皇甫川流域生长;通过测定与计算,皇甫川流域沙棘适宜盖度为61%~79%、柠条为43%~55%、沙柳为46%~59%。 相似文献
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Our aim in this study was to identify the economically optimal level of use of resources for a grazing system in tropical Australia and to compare it with the biological optimum. Grazing management trials were conducted in the Ord River irrigation area of north-western Australia. Biologists at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization provided the biological data. The liveweight gains of Kimberley shorthorn steers were recorded, after a 1-year fattening period, for different grazing management strategies. Five different stocking rates were used on irrigated pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) fertilized with nitrogen at five different rates. All other were applied at fixed, non-limiting levels.The results of the trials were modelled by a liveweight gain production function. This production function was used in an income simulation model to identify economically optimal (profit maximizing) stocking rates. This was done in two stages. First, a base analysis was undertaken on the basis o the economic conditions prevailing in September 1987. Second, sensitivity analysis was applied to the results of the base analysis. The parameters varied were the rate of interest, store cattle prices, finished cattle prices, transport costs and the length of the planning horizon.The biological optimum, when defined as maximum liveweight gain ha−1, corresponds to a much higher intensity of use of resources than the economic optimum, and yields substantially lower profits or higher losses. These discrepancies increase when economic conditions worsen, or when the planning horizon of graziers is decreased from 50 to 10 years. Therefore, the adoption of the biological optimum cannot result in an econonomically stable grazing system in the medium to long term, when it is highly likely that economic parameters will fluctuate. The economic stability of the system is increased, but is still quite weak, if the economically optimal input combination is utilized. It was not possible to determine whether this economic optimum would result in long-term ecological stability because the relevant data were not collected during the trials.The relevance of management recommendations made to graziers and land administrators would be increased if these recommendations were based on an analysis of both the economic and the ecological stability of grazing systems over the medium to long term. We show in the last part of this study how this could be accomplished. 相似文献
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Ellen Sidransky Susan H. Black Dawn M. Soenksen Shirley L. Jones Andrew D. Dorfmann Joseph D. Schulman MD 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(9):583-586
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) with either transcervical catheters or transabdominal needles is a widely-accepted method for prenatal diagnosis. However, there exists a small subset of patients in whom sampling is difficult or impossible with either route because of individual anatomic variations. A new method of chorionic villus biopsy has been developed to circumvent these problems, utilizing transvaginal chorionic needle aspiration guided by an intravaginal ultrasound probe. This technique was performed successfully in 15 patients in whom villi could not be obtained by either of the conventional methods. This method now makes CVS possible in essentially all women regardless of their uterine anatomy or placental placement; it may also prove useful for very early chorionic sampling. 相似文献
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Mr Selwyn H. Roberts Elizabeth Little Merle Vaughan Michael R. Creasy Anthony Jones Teyrnon G. Powell Andrew J. Dawson 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(10):971-975
A woman in the 32nd week of pregnancy was referred for investigation because of fetal abnormalities, including an abdominal wall defect, detected by ultrasonography. In view of the increased risk of chromosome abnormality, amniocentesis was performed to enable informed decisions about the management of the pregnancy and delivery to be taken. Cells from the liquor were inoculated into standard lymphocyte culture medium and incubated for 72 h. Slides with a high mitotic index and good quality metaphases, comparable to those from a blood culture, were obtained after harvesting. Cytogenetic analysis showed the karyotype to be 46,XY,—14,+t(13ql4q), which is consistent with Patau's syndrome. This technique appears to be an option for rapid karyotyping in cases of abdominal wall defect, where a chromosomal abnormality is suspected. 相似文献
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